This thesis examines the work performed by caregivers of people with autism when using public transportation in the city of Helsinki. The research describes the activities carried out by caregivers before, during, and after each journey to facilitate the use of transportation by those they take care of. These activities are predictable, occur over long periods of time, and can be associated with specific transportation design features. The study is based on eight interviews with caregivers, two autism experts, and systematic observation of Helsinki Region Transport (HSL).Based on the Social Model of Disability, the Neurodiversity Paradigm, and Service Design, this research introduces the analytical tool Displaced Accessibility Labor to describe the condition in which the work necessary to make a system accessible has been transferred from institutions to informal actors who depend on these services as a result of design decisions. This concept is based on two claims: Caregivers step in when the system fails to provide certain features, and the system does not acknowledge the work of caregivers by measuring functionality only in terms of completed journeys, thereby reporting accessibility outcomes that are not independently achieved.The findings, grouped into six themes derived from a thematic analysis, reveal that caregivers perform skilled and demanding work beginning with the preparation before the journey, assisting during the journey, and recovery afterward. Points of disruption emerge as critical moments when system design flaws become most evident, while the workload on caregivers increases. The cumulative consequences of these efforts extend throughout the caregivers’ lives.The study introduces the concept of functional exclusion to describe journeys that can be completed while simultaneously creating exclusion by depleting the capacity of caregivers and individuals with autism after each journey. Six design recommendations are made based on the principle of responsibility redistribution: improved disruption communication, simplified signage, advanced environmental information, staff training, designated low-stimulus areas, and incorporation of caregiver perspectives into service design.The central argument of this paper is that Helsinki’s public transportation system operates on the premise that caregivers will always be there to compensate for the system’s design limitations. By making this invisible work visible, the research contributes to disability and service design scholarship, transportation accessibility research, and evidence-based inclusive design practice. The role of caregivers in public transportation is not an inherent part of caring for a person with autism; it is a systemic condition resulting from design decisions and can therefore be addressed through redesign efforts that focus on currently excluded groups.